Key Point
- Amnesty tracked 2,596 military shipments from India
- Report cites artillery shells and drone warhead exports
- Rights group calls for immediate arms embargo on Israel
ISLAMABAD: Amnesty International has revealed how India supported Israel’s military campaign in Gaza by exporting weapons, ammunition and military components despite mounting international concerns over alleged war crimes and genocide against Palestinians.
In a report released on July 29 titled “Made in India: The Supply of Weapons and Ammunition to Israel,” the global human rights organisation said it identified 2,596 shipments of military equipment from India to Israel between October 7, 2023, and November 30, 2025, based on publicly available shipment-level trade data.
“This report builds upon publicly available shipment-level trade data to highlight the scope and magnitude of India’s material support for the Israeli defence sector and international crimes committed against Palestinians in Gaza,” the report reads.
“Amnesty International investigators analysed 2,596 shipments of small arms, ammunition and military vehicles shipped from India to Israel since October 7, 2023.”
According to Amnesty International, Indian state-owned and private companies supplied hundreds of thousands of components for military-grade weapons and explosive ordnance during the period under review.
The organisation said the transfers continued long after international bodies, including the International Court of Justice (ICJ), issued warnings and provisional measures related to the conflict in Gaza.
“The report identifies corporations in India that have continued to export weapons, ammunition, parts and components or dual-use items to Israel long after clear and public warnings had been made regarding the possible commission of war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide in the Gaza Strip by the Israeli armed forces and decision makers. Included among these corporations are companies that are directly owned and operated by the Government of India.” Amnesty International maintains.
The report stated that Indian firms exported an estimated 390,516 small-arms parts, 564,970 components of explosive ordnance—including artillery shell casings and drone warheads—and 298 military vehicle components destined for Israel’s defence sector.
Among the shipments identified by Amnesty were 155mm high-explosive artillery shells manufactured by Munitions India Limited, a state-owned defence company, and 10-pound explosive warheads supplied by Alpha Elsec Defence & Aerospace Systems for use in loitering munitions, commonly known as suicide drones.
Amnesty International said that some of the exported equipment was supplied to Israeli defence manufacturers that support the country’s military operations in Gaza.
The organisation argued that continued transfers of military materiel, despite extensive documentation of civilian casualties, could expose both states and corporations to legal consequences under international law.
“By transferring weapons to Israel in the knowledge that these could be used to commit crimes under international law, India may risk complicity in such violations,” Amnesty said in its report.
The rights group further argued that companies involved in the supply chain could face civil liability and, in certain jurisdictions, potential criminal responsibility if it is established that exported goods contributed to violations of international humanitarian law.
India’s scrutiny of arms export
The report comes as international scrutiny over arms transfers to Israel continues to intensify. Gaza’s health authorities have reported tens of thousands of deaths since the conflict began following the Hamas-led attacks on southern Israel on October 7, 2023. Independent verification of casualty figures remains difficult amid the ongoing hostilities.
Israel has repeatedly rejected accusations of genocide and war crimes, maintaining that its military operations are conducted in self-defence and in accordance with international law. Proceedings initiated by South Africa before the International Court of Justice remain ongoing, and the court is in the process of issuing a final ruling on whether genocide has occurred in Gaza.
Amnesty International nevertheless argued that the ICJ’s provisional measures and repeated warnings from United Nations experts should have prompted governments and corporations worldwide to halt military exports that could contribute to the conflict.
India has not publicly responded to Amnesty’s latest findings. New Delhi has steadily expanded defence cooperation with Israel over the past two decades, making it one of Israel’s largest military partners.
According to international defence data, India has imported billions of dollars’ worth of Israeli military equipment, including missile systems, drones, surveillance technologies and radar platforms.
At the same time, India has sought to position itself as a major defence exporter through its “Make in India” initiative, increasing production by both state-owned enterprises and private manufacturers.
Amnesty’s report identifies several Indian companies involved in exports to Israel and says some shipments continued even after international calls for an arms embargo gained momentum.
The organisation has urged all governments to impose a comprehensive embargo covering the direct and indirect transfer of weapons. It should also cover military technologies, components, training and financial assistance to Israel until there is no substantial risk that such items could be used to commit violations of international law.
The findings are likely to add to the growing international debate over the responsibilities of states and corporations involved in global defence supply chains as legal challenges surrounding the Gaza conflict continue in international forums.
