MULTAN: South Punjab’s reputation as the “Mangoes Heaven and Taste Capital” remains strong, thanks to its rich mango orchards that produce a wide array of mango varieties celebrated globally.
Despite facing various challenges, including climate change, the region continues to shine as a hub of mango cultivation, especially in Multan, Rahim Yar Khan, Muzaffargarh, and Khanewal.
The region’s mango orchards span thousands of acres, with Multan leading the way, cultivating mangoes on 31,000 hectares, followed by Rahim Yar Khan, Muzaffargarh, and Khanewal with 26,000, 19,000, and 14,000 hectares, respectively. Among the numerous mango varieties grown commercially, the Chaunsa, often referred to as the “King of the Fruit,” stands out for its exceptional taste and aroma. Other popular varieties include Langra, Dausheri, Anwar Ratool, Saroli, and many more.
Despite the popularity and high quality of South Punjab’s mangoes, the sector faces significant hurdles. The annual mango production in Pakistan is approximately 1.8 million tons, with 90 percent coming from South Punjab. However, only about 100,000 tons are exported, indicating a vast potential for increasing foreign exchange earnings if more markets are explored and farmers are incentivized.
Climate change is one of the major issues impacting mango production. Rising temperatures and altered weather patterns have led to reduced yields and poor fruit quality. For instance, varieties like Anwar Ratool and Samar Bahisht Chaunsa have faced growth issues due to unsuitable weather conditions, resulting in a notable decline in production. Former Director of Mango Research Station, Abdul Ghaffar Garewal, noted that late flowering and extreme temperatures during critical growth periods have exacerbated crop losses and delayed exports.
The shifting weather patterns have also affected the ripening process, leading to delayed shipments and reduced export profits. To address these issues, farmers are advised to closely monitor climatic conditions and adjust their cultivation practices accordingly. Emphasizing varieties preferred by international markets could enhance profitability and help manage production more effectively.
Efforts are being made to adapt to these challenges. Director Mango Research Station Multan, Hafiz Asif, revealed that officials have surveyed the region and provided guidelines to growers on managing climate impacts. Growers have responded by implementing irrigation strategies to mitigate heat stress and protect their orchards.
Despite some concerns about declining production, Asif assured that mango cultivation is on the rise in the region. He emphasized that any reduction in mango acreage is often offset by the expansion of new orchards.
While South Punjab’s mango industry grapples with climate-related challenges, the region’s commitment to adaptation and innovation continues to drive its reputation as a premier mango producer. Ongoing efforts to improve cultivation practices and explore new markets are crucial for sustaining and enhancing the sector’s success in the face of climate change.
