Key points
- Study finds post-pandemic surge in fibres
- Disposable masks linked to airborne plastics
- Microplastics can reach deep lungs
ISLAMABAD: People in major cities may be inhaling very high levels of microplastics simply by breathing the air, according to a new study that found a sharp rise in airborne plastic particles following the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers in Xi’an, China, discovered that concentrations of microplastics in the city’s air tripled over the course of the study, with a notable shift in the type of plastic fibres present. The research focused on PM2.5, fine air pollution particles small enough to penetrate deep into the lungs.
The study was led by Fobang Liu of Xi’an Jiaotong University, whose team analysed air filters collected in both summer and winter before, during and after the pandemic. The findings have been published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.
Before 2020, air samples showed a wide mix of plastic types and colours, suggesting multiple everyday sources such as synthetic clothing, packaging materials and vehicle tyres. After the pandemic began, however, the samples became dominated by transparent and white fibres, mainly made of polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate — plastics commonly used in disposable face masks.
Improper disposal
Researchers linked this shift to the widespread use and improper disposal of masks, which can fray and shed fibres as they are exposed to sunlight, wind and abrasion from roads and pavements. The study also found that higher ozone levels, often seen during hot and sunny weather, may accelerate plastic ageing and increase the release of microplastics into the air.
Using particle modelling, the team showed that inhaled microplastics can deposit in the nose and throat, the airways, and even deep within the lungs. Teenagers and younger people were found to be more susceptible to particle deposition, as they breathe more air relative to their body weight.
While the health impacts are still not fully understood, previous research suggests inhaled microplastics may irritate airways and contribute to inflammation, especially when combined with other pollutants.
The researchers say the findings highlight the need for better waste management, reduced reliance on single-use plastics, and long-term monitoring of airborne microplastics to better understand their health implications.
