KEY POINTS
- Physics: John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret, and John M. Martinis were honoured
- Chemistry: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi received the prize
- Medicine: Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi were awarded
- Literature: Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai was recognized
- Peace: Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado was honoured
- Economics: Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt were celebrated
STOCKHOLM, Sweden: The 2025 Nobel Prizes have been awarded to a distinguished group of thinkers and innovators whose work has reshaped our understanding of science, humanity, and society.
This year’s laureates have advanced humanity’s understanding of the physical world, the human body, society, and the imagination, reinforcing the Nobel legacy of global and interdisciplinary excellence.
Physics: Bridging Quantum Theory and Technology
The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Clarke (born: 1942, Cambridge, United Kingdom), Michel H. Devoret (born: 1953, Paris, France), and John M. Martinis (born: 1958, USA), for their pioneering experiments demonstrating macroscopic quantum tunnelling and energy quantization in superconducting circuits.
Their work has made significant strides in connecting the abstract principles of quantum mechanics to practical applications in modern electronics, laying foundational groundwork for quantum computing.
Chemistry: Molecular Frameworks for a Sustainable Future
In Chemistry, Susumu Kitagawa (Born: 4 July 1951, Kyoto, Japan), Richard Robson (born: 4 June 1937, Glusburn, United Kingdom), and Omar M. Yaghi (born: 9 February 1965, Amman, Jordan), were honoured for their development of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) — porous molecular structures that have revolutionized approaches to gas storage, catalysis, and environmental clean-up.
Their innovations promise new solutions to pressing global challenges such as clean energy and climate change.
Physiology or Medicine: Unlocking Immune Self-Regulation
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine went to Mary E. Brunkow (born: 1961, USA), Fred Ramsdell (born: 4 December 1960, Elmhurst, IL, USA), and Shimon Sakaguchi (born: 19 January 1951, Nagahama, Shiga, Japan), for their discovery of the mechanisms behind peripheral immune tolerance, particularly the crucial role of regulatory T cells.
Their findings have opened new therapeutic pathways for treating autoimmune diseases and have deepened our understanding of how the immune system distinguishes between self and non-self.
Literature: A Visionary Voice Amid Apocalyptic Landscapes
Hungarian author László Krasznahorkai (born: 5 January 1954, Gyula, Hungary), received the Nobel Prize in Literature for a body of work that the Swedish Academy described as “visionary, often surreal,” and for his capacity to “reaffirm the power of art in the midst of apocalyptic terror.”
Krasznahorkai’s prose, known for its philosophical depth and haunting imagery, has influenced contemporary literature far beyond Central Europe.
Peace: A Voice for Democracy in Venezuela
The 2025 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Maria Corina Machado (born: 1967, Venezuela), a prominent figure in Venezuela’s pro-democracy movement.
Praised as a symbol of civilian courage in Latin America, Machado has been instrumental in uniting a divided opposition around the cause of democratic governance and free elections, in defiance of authoritarian repression.
Economics: Innovation as the Engine of Growth
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel was awarded for advancing the understanding of innovation-driven economic growth.
One-half went to Joel Mokyr (born: 26 July 1946, Leiden, the Netherlands), recognized for identifying the historical and institutional foundations that enable sustained technological progress.
The other half was shared by Philippe Aghion (born: 17 August 1956, Paris, France) and Peter Howitt (born: 31 May 1946, Canada), for their influential theory of sustained economic growth through creative destruction, highlighting the dynamic role of innovation and competition in driving prosperity.
