CANBERRA: Scientists warn that the world is on the brink of another pandemic as deadly bat-borne viruses come increasingly close to human populations. The genetic link between the COVID-19 virus and coronaviruses found in Southeast Asian horseshoe bats has raised concerns about the potential for future outbreaks.
Experts explain that bats are ideal hosts for mammalian viruses due to their ability to spread them widely. Transmission of these viruses to humans can occur through intermediate hosts or direct contact with bat urine, feces, blood, or saliva. Such instances of transmission, known as “spillover,” are a growing threat.
Several factors, including deforestation, precipitation, temperature changes, and alterations in land cover, contribute to an environment favorable for spillover events. Understanding and identifying these high-risk areas are crucial steps in reducing the risk of future pandemics.
The depletion of global resources has led to the destruction of bat habitats, which serve as carriers for thousands of viruses. Data analysis conducted by Reuters reveals specific regions known as “jump zones” where conditions are conducive to disease transmission from bats to humans.
These areas cover 6% of Earth’s land mass and are primarily tropical regions undergoing rapid urbanization. Alarmingly, over one-fifth of the global population resides in these vulnerable regions.
Experts call for measures to avoid pandemic
Recognizing these high-risk areas can provide an opportunity for companies and governments to take proactive measures. Establishing models to predict and identify hotspots would greatly aid governments in addressing potential outbreaks. Health experts emphasize the importance of stopping outbreaks before they occur, as it is far less costly in terms of lives and resources.
Scientists and researchers working in bat habitats worldwide stress the urgent need to protect wildlife habitats from human encroachments. While there is no easy solution to prevent all spillovers, their insights and recommendations can help mitigate future pandemics.
To address the risks associated with development projects, experts urge governments to implement formal procedures for assessing health risks before undertaking activities that disrupt delicate habitats.
Environmental impact assessments, currently mandated in many countries, should be expanded to include evaluations of how deforestation and habitat modifications contribute to the spread of diseases. These comprehensive assessments would contribute to safeguarding public health.
However, the challenge lies in implementing significant changes to development practices in wildlife areas, akin to the hurdles faced in climate negotiations. Deliberations involving scientists, public health experts, governments, and international agencies are progressing gradually but require consensus and collaboration to be effective.
Swift action is essential to protect both human health and the delicate balance of ecosystems. By addressing the root causes and implementing proactive measures, the world can work together to prevent the next deadly pandemic.
