Key Points
- Ultra-processed foods linked to higher risk of chronic diseases including diabetes and heart disease
- Experts call for government action, including warnings and higher taxes on UPFs
- Consumption of UPFs is rising globally, displacing fresh and minimally processed foods
- Debate continues among scientists regarding direct causation versus correlation
ISLAMABAD: International experts have warned that ultra-processed foods (UPFs) pose a significant threat to global health
Studies have linked consumption of ultra-processed foods to obesity, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, depression, and premature mortality, according to a report by the BBC.
The review, published in The Lancet and involving 43 experts analysing 104 long-term studies, indicates that diets increasingly dominated by UPFs are replacing fresh and minimally processed foods. Prof Carlos Monteiro of the University of Sao Paulo, who developed the Nova classification system used in the review, told the BBC that the growing reliance on these industrially manufactured foods “is reshaping diets worldwide, displacing fresh and minimally processed foods and meals”.
Experts say the shift is largely driven by global food corporations prioritising ultra-processed products, supported by marketing strategies and lobbying that hinder effective public health policies. Dr Phillip Baker of the University of Sydney, a co-author, said to the BBC that tackling UPFs requires “a strong global public health response, like the coordinated efforts to challenge the tobacco industry”.
Health Impact and Debate
Ultra-processed foods typically contain additives, emulsifiers, preservatives, dyes, and sweeteners, and include items such as pastries, fizzy drinks, sausages, ice cream, instant soups, and supermarket bread. While the evidence suggests a correlation between UPF consumption and health risks, some scientists emphasise that causation is not definitively proven. Prof Kevin McConway, emeritus professor at the Open University, told the BBC that “a study like this can find a correlation, but it can’t be certain about cause and effect,” urging further research.
Industry Perspective
The Food and Drink Federation, representing the food industry, stated that UPFs can be part of a balanced diet, citing examples like frozen peas and wholemeal bread. Kate Halliwell, FDF’s chief scientific officer, said that companies have made efforts to reduce sugar and salt in products, noting a one-third reduction since 2015, and aligning products with government guidelines.
Global Response
The UK’s Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition noted the association between high UPF consumption and adverse health outcomes as “concerning” but clarified that it is unclear whether the risk is due to processing itself or the nutritional content of such foods. Current dietary guidance encourages increased intake of fruits, vegetables, and fibre, while reducing sugar, fat, and salt.
